Clinical guide
Find a condition and read its clinical guidance.
410 conditions · Page 5 of 11
Giardiasis
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
A protozoan infection of the upper small intestine caused by Giardia lamblia (also known as G. intestinalis or G. duodenalis), transmitted via the faecal-oral route through ingestion of cysts.
Gingivitis (Chronic)
Oral & Dental Health
Inflammation of the gingiva (gums) primarily caused by accumulation of dental plaque along the gumline.
Glaucoma
Ophthalmology (Eye Conditions)
A group of eye disorders characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve, typically associated with raised intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to irreversible visual field loss and potential blindness. Includes open-angle and angle-c…
Goitre
Endocrine & Metabolic System
Visible or palpable enlargement of the thyroid gland located in the neck. Can be diffuse or nodular, and associated with normal (euthyroid), increased (hyperthyroid), or decreased (hypothyroid) thyroid function.
Gout Arthritis
Musculoskeletal System & Rheumatology
An inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints and soft tissues, resulting from hyperuricemia (elevated serum uric acid levels). Characterized by recurrent acute attacks of severe joint pain …
Haemorrhoids and Anal Fissures
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
Haemorrhoids are swollen, engorged venous cushions in the anorectal region (internal or external). Anal fissures are linear tears or cracks in the lining of the distal anal canal. Both are common causes of rectal bleeding and anal pain.
Hairy Leukoplakia (Oral)
Oral & Dental Health
A benign, asymptomatic white lesion occurring on the lateral borders of the tongue, strongly associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection in the context of immunosuppression, particularly HIV/AIDS.
Halitosis
Oral & Dental Health
Unpleasant odour emanating from the oral cavity.
Headache (General Approach)
Neurological System
A common symptom involving pain in the head or upper neck. This entry focuses on identifying potential underlying causes based on location and recognizing danger signs that indicate serious pathology requiring urgent attention.
Head and Neck Cancers (Overview)
Oncology
A group of cancers arising in the nasal cavity, sinuses, lips, oral cavity (mouth), salivary glands, pharynx (throat), or larynx (voice box). Most are Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCC).
Head Injury Management
Trauma & Injuries
Management of trauma to the head, potentially resulting in injury to the scalp, skull, and/or brain. Severity ranges from minor concussion to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with intracranial hemorrhage or edema. Assessment using Glasgo…
Heart Failure
Cardiovascular System
A clinical syndrome where the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to meet the body's metabolic needs, or can only do so at elevated filling pressures. Can be acute or chronic, left-sided, right-sided, or biventricular.
Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
A form of chronic schistosomiasis (caused mainly by Schistosoma mansoni, sometimes S. japonicum) where parasite eggs deposited in the liver trigger granuloma formation and extensive periportal fibrosis ('pipestem fibrosis'). This leads prim…
Herpes Infections (Oral/Facial)
Oral & Dental Health
Infections caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 usually, sometimes HSV-2) or Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), affecting the face and oral cavity.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Skin Infections
Dermatology (Skin Conditions)
Viral infection caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, typically orolabial) or type 2 (HSV-2, typically genital), characterized by localized primary infection, latency in nerve ganglia, and potential for recurrent vesicular eruptions…
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Dermatology (Skin Conditions)
Reactivation of the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), the virus that causes chickenpox, which remains latent in dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia. Characterized by a painful, unilateral vesicular eruption along a specific dermatome.
Hiccup Management in Palliative Care
Palliative Care
Management of persistent or intractable hiccups, which can be distressing for patients with advanced illness.
High Risk Pregnancy (HRP) Identification
Obstetrics
Identification of pregnancies with a higher than average risk of adverse outcomes for the mother or baby, requiring closer monitoring and potentially specialized care.
HIV Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
HIV, STI & TB
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a condition of reduced immunity resulting from infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Uganda follows a 'Test and Treat' policy, providing lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) to …
HIV in Pregnancy (eMTCT)
Obstetrics
Management of HIV infection during pregnancy, labour, delivery, and the postpartum period, focusing on preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT/eMTCT) and maintaining maternal health through lifelong ART (Option B+).
Hodgkin's Disease (Paediatric/Lymphoma Overview)
Oncology
A type of lymphoma, a cancer originating from lymphocytes, characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Often presents with painless lymph node enlargement, typically starting in the neck or chest.
Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
Infectious Diseases
A vector-borne parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma, transmitted by the bite of infected tsetse flies (Glossina species). Affects the central nervous system in late stages. Two forms exist based on parasite subspeci…
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Obstetrics
Severe and persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy leading to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, ketosis, and significant weight loss (>5% of pre-pregnancy weight).
Hypertension
Cardiovascular System
Persistently elevated resting blood pressure (BP), typically defined as ≥140 mmHg systolic or ≥90 mmHg diastolic on multiple occasions. A major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (stroke, MI, HF), kidney disease, and death.
Hyperthyroidism
Endocrine & Metabolic System
A condition resulting from excessive production and secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine - T4, triiodothyronine - T3) by the thyroid gland, leading to a hypermetabolic state.
Hypoglycaemia Management
Emergency Medicine & Critical Care
A clinical condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels (typically <3.0 mmol/L or <55 mg/dl), leading to neuroglycopenic and autonomic symptoms. Requires prompt recognition and treatment to prevent neurological damage.
Hypoglycaemia Management
Endocrine & Metabolic System
Abnormally low blood glucose level, typically <3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL), leading to neuroglycopenic and autonomic symptoms. A common complication in patients with diabetes treated with insulin or sulfonylureas, but can have other causes. Requi…
Hypothyroidism
Endocrine & Metabolic System
A condition resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, leading to a generalized slowing of metabolic processes.
Hypovolaemic Shock
Emergency Medicine & Critical Care
Condition caused by severe acute loss of intravascular fluid (blood or other fluids) leading to inadequate circulating volume, tissue perfusion, and oxygen delivery.
Hypoxaemia Management and Oxygen Therapy Guidelines
Emergency Medicine & Critical Care
Management guidelines for hypoxaemia (low concentration of oxygen in the blood, typically SpO2 <90%), a life-threatening condition requiring prompt recognition, administration of supplemental oxygen, and treatment of the underlying cause.
IMCI Approach: Anaemia Check (2m-5y)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Assessment and classification of anaemia in children aged 2 months to 5 years using the IMCI approach based on palmar pallor.
IMCI Approach: Cough or Difficult Breathing (2m-5y)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Assessment, classification, and management of cough or difficult breathing in children aged 2 months to 5 years using the IMCI approach.
IMCI Approach: Diarrhoea & Dehydration (2m-5y)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Assessment, classification, and management of diarrhoea and dehydration in children aged 2 months to 5 years using the IMCI approach.
IMCI Approach: Ear Problem (2m-5y)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Assessment, classification, and management of ear problems (pain or discharge) in children aged 2 months to 5 years using the IMCI approach.
IMCI Approach: Fever (2m-5y)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Assessment, classification, and management of fever in children aged 2 months to 5 years using the IMCI approach, focusing on identifying malaria and other severe causes.
IMCI Approach: HIV Check (2m-5y)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Assessment and classification of HIV status or exposure in children aged 2 months to 5 years using the IMCI approach, guiding further testing and linkage to care.
IMCI Approach: Immunization, Vitamin A, Deworming Check (2m-5y)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Routine check of immunization status, Vitamin A supplementation, and deworming history for children aged 2 months to 5 years during any health contact, using the IMCI approach.
IMCI Approach: Malnutrition & Feeding (2m-5y)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Assessment, classification, and management of malnutrition and feeding problems in children aged 2 months to 5 years using the IMCI approach.
IMCI Approach: Sick Child (2m-5y) - General Danger Signs
Pediatrics & Child Health
Identification of general danger signs in children aged 2 months to 5 years according to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) approach, indicating the need for urgent pre-referral treatment and referral.
Immediate Postpartum Care (Mother & Baby)
Obstetrics
Essential care and monitoring provided to the mother and newborn during the first 2-4 hours immediately following delivery of the placenta.