Clinical guide
Find a condition and read its clinical guidance.
410 conditions · Page 9 of 11
Pharyngitis (Sore Throat)
ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat Conditions)
Inflammation of the pharynx, the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and larynx. Most commonly caused by viruses.
Pharyngo-Tonsillitis (Bacterial/Strep)
ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat Conditions)
Inflammation primarily involving the tonsils and pharynx, commonly caused by Group A Beta-Haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS), but also other bacteria and viruses. Focus here on GAS management.
Plague
Infectious Diseases
Severe acute bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis, transmitted primarily by infected rodent fleas. Can cause rapidly fatal illness. A notifiable disease.
Pneumonia
Respiratory System
Infection and inflammation of the lung parenchyma (alveoli and interstitium). Classified by location (lobar, bronchopneumonia), setting (community-acquired - CAP, hospital-acquired - HAP), and causative agent (bacterial, viral, fungal, para…
Poliomyelitis
Infectious Diseases
An acute viral infection caused by poliovirus (an enterovirus), transmitted faecal-orally. While most infections are asymptomatic or cause minor illness, about 1% result in acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) due to viral invasion of motor neuron…
Post-Extraction Bleeding
Oral & Dental Health
Bleeding from the tooth socket following an extraction, occurring either immediately (primary) or after 24 hours (secondary).
Postnatal Care (PNC)
Obstetrics
Care provided to the mother and newborn during the postpartum period (puerperium), typically up to 6 weeks after delivery, focusing on monitoring recovery, identifying complications, supporting breastfeeding and bonding, and providing couns…
Postnatal Depression
Obstetrics
A non-psychotic depressive illness occurring within the first year after childbirth, characterized by persistent low mood and loss of interest, distinct from transient 'baby blues'.
Postnatal Psychosis
Mental Health & Substance Use
A severe but rare psychiatric emergency occurring after childbirth, typically within the first 2-4 weeks postpartum. Characterized by rapid onset of symptoms resembling mania, depression, or a mixed state, often with prominent psychotic fea…
Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH)
Obstetrics
Excessive vaginal bleeding after childbirth, defined as >500ml after vaginal delivery or >1000ml after Caesarean section. Primary PPH occurs within 24 hours, Secondary PPH occurs from 24 hours to 6 weeks postpartum. A leading cause of mater…
Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) Management
Emergency Medicine & Critical Care
Excessive vaginal bleeding following childbirth, defined as >500 mL after vaginal delivery or >1000 mL after caesarean section. Primary PPH occurs within the first 24 hours postpartum; Secondary PPH occurs between 24 hours and 6 weeks. A ma…
Pre-eclampsia
Obstetrics
A multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, diagnosed after 20 weeks gestation, characterized by new-onset hypertension AND proteinuria OR hypertension AND evidence of end-organ dysfunction. Classified as mild-moderate or severe.
Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM & PPROM)
Obstetrics
Rupture of fetal membranes before the onset of labour. PROM occurs at term (>=37 weeks), while PPROM (Preterm PROM) occurs before 37 weeks gestation. Associated with risks of infection and prematurity.
Pressure Ulcer Management in Palliative Care
Palliative Care
Prevention and management of skin and subcutaneous tissue injury caused by prolonged pressure or shear, common in patients with limited mobility.
Prevention of Dental Caries and Other Oral Conditions
Oral & Dental Health
Guidance on practices to prevent common oral health problems like dental caries (cavities) and gum disease.
Progestogen-Only Pill (POP)
Family Planning
Oral pills containing only a low dose of progestin hormone. Primarily work by thickening cervical mucus and thinning the endometrium; ovulation inhibition is variable. Suitable for breastfeeding women and those with contraindications to est…
Progestogen-Only Sub-Dermal Implant
Family Planning
Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method involving small, flexible rod(s) containing progestogen, inserted subdermally in the upper arm. Provides contraception for 3-5 years depending on type.
Prostate Cancer
Oncology
Malignant neoplasm arising from the prostate gland, typically adenocarcinoma. Very common cancer in older men.
Prostatitis
Renal & Urinary System
Inflammation or infection of the prostate gland. Can be acute bacterial, chronic bacterial, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), or asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis.
Psoriasis
Dermatology (Skin Conditions)
A chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease primarily affecting the skin, characterized by well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with silvery scales. Can also affect nails and joints (psoriatic arthritis).
Psychosis
Mental Health & Substance Use
A mental health condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, involving distortions in thinking (delusions), perception (hallucinations), emotions, and behavior. Can be acute or chronic (e.g., Schizophrenia).
Puerperal Sepsis / Fever
Obstetrics
Infection of the genital tract occurring any time between the onset of rupture of membranes or labour, and the 42nd day postpartum (puerperium), characterized by fever and signs of pelvic infection.
Pulmonary Oedema Management
Emergency Medicine & Critical Care
Life-threatening condition characterized by accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange. Most commonly caused by acute decompensated heart failure (cardiogenic), but can also be …
Pulpitis
Oral & Dental Health
Inflammation of the dental pulp (the soft tissue containing nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth), usually caused by caries, trauma, or restorative procedures.
Pyogenic Arthritis (Septic Arthritis)
Musculoskeletal System & Rheumatology
Acute bacterial infection of a joint space, usually affecting a single large joint, commonly seen in children but can occur at any age. Requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent irreversible joint damage.
Pyomyositis
Musculoskeletal System & Rheumatology
Bacterial infection primarily within skeletal muscle, often leading to abscess formation. Typically affects large muscle groups (e.g., thigh, buttock, calf). More common in tropical regions.
Rabies (Clinical Disease)
Infectious Diseases
A fatal viral encephalitis caused by the rabies virus (a Lyssavirus), transmitted to humans typically through the saliva of infected animals (usually via bites, scratches, or licks on broken skin/mucous membranes). Once clinical symptoms de…
Rabies Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
Trauma & Injuries
Guidelines for preventing rabies development in humans after potential exposure (bites, scratches, licks on broken skin/mucous membranes) from potentially rabid animals (esp. dogs, cats, bats, wild carnivores). Involves wound treatment, pas…
Rampant and Radiation Caries
Oral & Dental Health
Rapidly progressing and widespread dental caries involving multiple teeth, often including surfaces usually considered low-risk (e.g., smooth surfaces). Radiation caries is a specific type occurring after radiotherapy to the head and neck.
Refractive Errors
Ophthalmology (Eye Conditions)
Optical imperfections of the eye that prevent light from focusing correctly on the retina, resulting in blurred vision. Includes myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
Renal Colic
Renal & Urinary System
Acute, severe, colicky flank pain caused by the passage or obstruction of a urinary stone (calculus) in the ureter.
Retained Placenta
Obstetrics
Failure of the placenta to deliver within 30 minutes after the birth of the baby, despite active management of the third stage of labour.
Retinoblastoma
Oncology
A malignant tumour arising from the retina of the eye, primarily occurring in young children (usually <5 years). Can be hereditary (often bilateral) or sporadic (usually unilateral).
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Oncology
A malignant tumour of skeletal muscle origin (mesenchymal tissue). It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood, occurring anywhere in the body but commonly in head/neck, genitourinary tract, and extremities.
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
Cardiovascular System
Chronic heart valve damage resulting from one or more episodes of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF). The inflammation during ARF causes scarring and deformity of heart valves, most commonly the mitral and aortic valves, leading to stenosis (narro…
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Musculoskeletal System & Rheumatology
A chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membranes, typically leading to symmetric polyarthritis, joint destruction, deformity, and potential extra-articular manifestations.
Routine Childhood Immunization Schedule (Uganda)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Summary of the Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunization (UNEPI) schedule for routine childhood vaccinations.
Ruptured Uterus
Obstetrics
A catastrophic obstetric emergency involving a full-thickness tear through the uterine wall, often occurring during labour, especially in women with previous uterine scars or obstructed labour.
SAM: Management of Associated Conditions
Nutrition
Specific management considerations for common associated problems encountered during the treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), including eye problems, skin lesions, severe anaemia, and persistent diarrhoea.
Scabies
Dermatology (Skin Conditions)
A contagious skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, characterized by intense itching, papules, and burrows.