Clinical guide
Find a condition and read its clinical guidance.
410 conditions · Page 6 of 11
Impetigo
Dermatology (Skin Conditions)
A very superficial bacterial infection of the epidermis (upper/outer layer of skin), presenting as bullous or non-bullous forms.
Induction of Labour (IOL)
Obstetrics
Artificial initiation of uterine contractions before their spontaneous onset, leading to progressive dilatation and effacement of the cervix and delivery. Performed when benefits of delivery outweigh risks of continuing pregnancy.
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Principles
Nutrition
Core principles and counseling points for optimal feeding practices for infants and young children (0-2 years), including breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, complementary feeding, and feeding during illness, essential for preventing mal…
Infant and Young Child Feeding Recommendations (Uganda Context)
Pediatrics & Child Health
Summary of age-appropriate feeding recommendations for infants and young children (up to 2 years and beyond) based on Ugandan guidelines, crucial for growth monitoring and nutritional counseling.
Infective Endocarditis
Cardiovascular System
Infection of the endocardial surface of the heart, typically involving heart valves (native or prosthetic), caused by microorganisms (usually bacteria, rarely fungi). Can lead to valve destruction, heart failure, and embolic complications.
Influenza
Respiratory System
An acute viral respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses (Types A, B, C). Typically occurs in seasonal epidemics. Characterized by abrupt onset of systemic symptoms (fever, myalgia, headache) and respiratory symptoms.
Inguinal Swelling (Bubo)
HIV, STI & TB
Syndromic management for patients presenting with localised swelling or enlarged lymph glands in the groin (inguinal) or femoral area, often associated with STIs like Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) or Chancroid.
Injectable Progestogen-Only Contraceptive
Family Planning
Injectable contraceptives containing only a progestogen hormone (e.g., Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate - DMPA, Norethisterone Enantate - NET-EN). Given as intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injection, providing contraception for 2-3 …
Insect Bites & Stings Management
Trauma & Injuries
Management of bites or stings from various insects like bees, wasps, ants, spiders, and scorpions. Most cause mild local reactions, but some individuals may develop severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), or rarely, systemic toxicity from …
Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) Overview
Pediatrics & Child Health
Strategy enabling trained Community Health Workers (CHWs/VHTs) to assess, classify, and treat uncomplicated cases of malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea in children under 5 at community level, plus recognize and refer severe cases.
Internal Haemorrhage (Surgical Context)
Clinical Procedures & Support Services
Management principles for severe internal bleeding into a body cavity or space, often requiring urgent surgical intervention to control the source and resuscitation.
Internal Haemorrhage Management (Surgical Emergency)
Trauma & Injuries
Management of severe internal bleeding into a body cavity or space, often resulting from trauma or ruptured organs/vessels (e.g., ruptured spleen, ruptured ectopic pregnancy). This is a life-threatening surgical emergency requiring prompt r…
Intestinal Obstruction (Surgical Approach)
Clinical Procedures & Support Services
Management principles for interruption of the normal flow of intestinal contents due to mechanical blockage or functional paralysis, focusing on pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative care.
Intestinal Worms (Helminths) - General
Infectious Diseases
Infestation of the human intestines by various parasitic worms (helminths), commonly acquired through ingestion of eggs/larvae or skin penetration.
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Family Planning
Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) device inserted into the uterus. Types include Copper IUDs (Cu-IUD - non-hormonal, lasts up to 10-12 years) and Levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs (LNG-IUD / Hormonal IUD - last 3-8 years depending on …
Intrauterine Fetal Demise (IUFD)
Obstetrics
Death of a fetus in utero after the age of viability (typically considered >=20 or >=28 weeks gestation, depending on definition) but before the onset of labour.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA)
Hematology & Blood Transfusion
Anaemia resulting from insufficient iron stores, leading to impaired haemoglobin synthesis and small, pale red blood cells (microcytic, hypochromic anaemia). Most common type of anaemia worldwide.
Iron Poisoning
Toxicology / Poisoning
Poisoning resulting from ingestion of excessive amounts of iron salts (commonly ferrous sulphate tablets). Primarily occurs in children due to the candy-like appearance of tablets. Toxicity depends on the dose of elemental iron ingested (<2…
Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD)
Cardiovascular System
A group of conditions resulting from insufficient blood flow (ischaemia) to the heart muscle, usually due to atherosclerosis (narrowing/blockage) of the coronary arteries. Includes stable angina and acute coronary syndromes (ACS - unstable …
Jaundice (Hyperbilirubinemia) - Approach
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
Yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera (whites of the eyes), and mucous membranes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Jaundice is a sign of an underlying disease involving excessive bilirubin producti…
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)
Oncology
A low-grade vascular tumour associated with Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection, also known as Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV). Presents with characteristic skin lesions, but can also affect mucous membranes, lymph nodes, a…
Kaposi's Sarcoma (Oral)
Oral & Dental Health
A malignancy of vascular endothelial cells, strongly associated with Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and often occurring in the context of immunosuppression, particularly HIV/AIDS. Oral lesions are common.
Keratitis
Ophthalmology (Eye Conditions)
Inflammation of the cornea (the clear front part of the eye), often involving infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) or trauma, leading to potential corneal ulceration and vision loss.
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM)
Family Planning
A temporary method of postpartum contraception based on the natural suppression of ovulation caused by intensive breastfeeding. Relies on meeting three specific criteria simultaneously.
Laryngitis
Respiratory System
Inflammation of the larynx (voice box), commonly causing hoarseness or loss of voice. Usually acute and viral, but can be chronic due to irritants or other causes.
Leg Ulcers (Approach)
Dermatology (Skin Conditions)
Approach to chronic ulcerative lesions on the lower leg, requiring assessment to determine the underlying cause (most commonly vascular) and appropriate management.
Leishmaniasis
Infectious Diseases
A group of parasitic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. Manifests as visceral, cutaneous, or mucocutaneous forms.
Leprosy
Infectious Diseases
A chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, primarily affecting the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucous membranes. Classified as Paucibacillary (PB) or Multibacillary (MB).
Leukaemia (Paediatric Overview)
Oncology
Malignancy of blood-forming cells (bone marrow), leading to overproduction of abnormal white blood cells (blasts) and suppression of normal blood cell production. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer globa…
Liver Cirrhosis
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
An advanced stage of chronic liver disease characterized by irreversible scarring (fibrosis) and nodular regeneration, leading to disruption of liver architecture and function, and development of portal hypertension.
Low Birth Weight (LBW) / Preterm Infant Care
Pediatrics & Child Health
Management principles for infants born with low birth weight (<2500g) or preterm (<37 weeks gestation), focusing on warmth, feeding support, and infection prevention.
Low Vision and Vision Loss
Ophthalmology (Eye Conditions)
Significant reduction in visual function that cannot be fully corrected by conventional glasses, contact lenses, medication, or surgery, impacting daily activities. Includes low vision and blindness.
Lung Abscess
Respiratory System
A localized area of necrosis (tissue death) and pus formation within the lung parenchyma, usually caused by bacterial infection, often involving anaerobic organisms aspirated from the oropharynx.
Lymphatic Filariasis
Infectious Diseases
A parasitic disease caused by tissue-dwelling filarial nematodes (primarily Wuchereria bancrofti in Africa), transmitted by mosquito bites. Damages the lymphatic system, leading to lymphoedema and hydrocele.
Malaria (Uncomplicated)
Infectious Diseases
An acute febrile illness caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, presenting without signs of severity or evidence of vital organ dysfunction.
Malaria in Pregnancy
Obstetrics
Malaria infection occurring during pregnancy, which poses significant risks to both mother and fetus. Requires specific prevention and treatment strategies.
Malaria Prophylaxis and Prevention
Infectious Diseases
Strategies and interventions aimed at preventing malaria infection and disease, including chemoprophylaxis for specific groups, vector control, and community measures.
Malnutrition Introduction & Classification
Nutrition
Overview of malnutrition (undernutrition), its causes (immediate, underlying, basic), consequences, clinical features (marasmus, kwashiorkor, marasmic-kwashiorkor), and classification systems (acute vs chronic).
Malocclusion
Oral & Dental Health
Any deviation from the ideal occlusion (the way upper and lower teeth fit together).
Management of Complicated Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) - Inpatient
Nutrition
Inpatient management of children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) who have medical complications or fail the appetite test, following the 10 steps of care, typically divided into stabilization and rehabilitation phases.