Clinical guide
Find a condition and read its clinical guidance.
410 conditions · Page 2 of 11
Asthma
Respiratory System
A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or early morning. Acute attacks (…
Atrial Fibrillation
Cardiovascular System
A common supraventricular tachyarrhythmia characterized by uncoordinated atrial activation leading to an irregular, often rapid, ventricular response. Can be paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent.
Atrophic Rhinitis
ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat Conditions)
A chronic nasal condition characterized by progressive atrophy (thinning) of the nasal mucosa, submucosa, turbinate bones, and associated glands, leading to a widened nasal cavity filled with foul-smelling crusts.
Avian Influenza
Infectious Diseases
Influenza infection in humans caused by avian (bird) influenza Type A viruses (e.g., H5N1, H7N9). Primarily a disease of poultry, occasionally transmitted to humans via direct contact with sick birds or contaminated environments. Limited hu…
Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
An acute bacterial infection of the distal small intestine and colon caused by Shigella species. Characterized by diarrhoea, often with blood and mucus, fever, and abdominal cramps. Highly infectious via faecal-oral route.
Balanitis
HIV, STI & TB
Inflammation of the glans penis. While often caused by Candida, STIs like Trichomonas can be involved. Differentiated from balanoposthitis (inflammation of glans and prepuce).
Barbiturate Poisoning
Toxicology / Poisoning
Poisoning due to overdose of barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital), drugs primarily used as anticonvulsants but previously common as sedatives/hypnotics. Overdose causes significant dose-dependent CNS depression, respiratory depression, and ca…
Basic Radiology Interpretation Principles (Chest, Abdomen)
Clinical Procedures & Support Services
Fundamental principles for interpreting common findings on Chest X-rays (CXR) and Abdominal X-rays (AXR) relevant to conditions discussed in clinical guidelines.
Basic Ultrasound Principles & Indications (Clinical Perspective)
Clinical Procedures & Support Services
Overview of ultrasound as a diagnostic imaging modality, its advantages, limitations, and common indications relevant to conditions in the guidelines, from a clinician's perspective requesting the scan.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Renal & Urinary System
Non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, which can compress the urethra and cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Bipolar Disorder
Mental Health & Substance Use
A mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of significant disturbance in mood and activity levels, involving periods of elevated mood and energy (mania or hypomania) and periods of lowered mood and energy (depression). Recovery bet…
Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO)
Renal & Urinary System
Blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents the flow of urine into the urethra. Can be acute (Acute Urinary Retention - AUR) or chronic.
Bleeding Disorders (Approach)
Hematology & Blood Transfusion
Approach to patients presenting with unexplained, excessive, or prolonged bleeding or bruising. Requires careful history and examination to differentiate between disorders of blood vessels, platelets (number or function), and coagulation fa…
Blood Products (Types and Indications)
Hematology & Blood Transfusion
Overview of common blood components available and their primary clinical indications, focusing on Whole Blood and Red Cell Concentrates as per UCG scope for lower levels.
Blood Transfusion Principles
Hematology & Blood Transfusion
General principles governing the safe and appropriate use of blood and blood products in clinical practice, emphasizing minimizing risk and transfusing only when necessary based on clinical need.
Blood Transfusion Reactions
Hematology & Blood Transfusion
Adverse signs or symptoms occurring during or after a blood transfusion, ranging from mild allergic reactions to severe, life-threatening haemolytic reactions or infections.
Blunt Eye Injury
Trauma & Injuries
Injury to the eye and surrounding structures caused by impact from a blunt object (e.g., fist, ball). Can range from minor bruising to severe, vision-threatening damage to internal ocular structures or orbital bones.
Breast Cancer
Oncology
Malignant tumour arising from the cells of the breast. Predominantly affects women, but can occur in men. Most common type is invasive ductal carcinoma.
Breathlessness in Palliative Care
Palliative Care
Management of the subjective sensation of difficulty breathing in patients with life-limiting illness, often associated with anxiety.
Bronchiolitis
Respiratory System
An acute viral infection causing inflammation and obstruction of the small airways (bronchioles), primarily affecting infants and young children (<2 years old). Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common cause.
Brucellosis
Infectious Diseases
A zoonotic bacterial infection of acute onset, caused by Brucella species. Transmitted via contact with infected livestock (cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs) or contaminated animal products (milk, meat). Incubation 2-4 weeks average.
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Oncology
A highly aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, common in children in Uganda (endemic form), often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and malaria co-infection. Typically presents with rapidly growing tumours, most commonly in the jaw…
Burkitt's Lymphoma (Oral Manifestations)
Oral & Dental Health
An aggressive type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The endemic African form commonly presents with jaw or facial bone involvement, often initially mimicking dental problems.
Burns Management
Trauma & Injuries
Management of tissue injury caused by thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation energy. Involves assessing burn severity (depth, extent/TBSA, location, patient factors), providing first aid, fluid resuscitation for major burns, wound care…
Cancer of the Oesophagus
Oncology
Malignant tumour arising from the lining of the oesophagus. Main histological types are Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Adenocarcinoma.
Cancer Principles and Overview
Oncology
General overview of cancer (unregulated cell growth forming benign or malignant tumours), risk factors, common warning signs, prevention strategies, and the importance of early detection and referral in the Ugandan context. Covers common ca…
Candidiasis (General)
Infectious Diseases
Fungal infection caused by Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. Can affect mucous membranes (oral, vaginal, oesophageal), skin (intertrigo, paronychia), and occasionally cause invasive systemic disease, especially in immunocompr…
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Toxicology / Poisoning
Poisoning resulting from inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO), a colorless, odorless, non-irritating toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels (e.g., fires, faulty heaters, car exhaust, indoor charcoal stoves). CO…
Cataract
Ophthalmology (Eye Conditions)
Opacity or clouding of the eye's natural lens, leading to progressive, painless loss of vision. Most common cause of blindness globally, particularly age-related cataract.
Cellulitis / Erysipelas
Dermatology (Skin Conditions)
Acute bacterial infection spreading through the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Erysipelas is a more superficial form with sharply demarcated, raised borders, typically caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Cellulitis involves deeper tissues, …
Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumours (Paediatric Overview)
Oncology
Tumours arising within the brain or spinal cord. Most common solid tumours in childhood after leukaemias. Wide variety of tumour types (e.g., astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma) with different locations, behaviours,…
Central Precocious Puberty (CPP)
Endocrine & Metabolic System
Onset of pubertal changes (secondary sexual characteristics, accelerated growth, bone maturation) before the normal age (before 8 years in girls, before 9 years in boys), caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal …
Cervical Cancer
Oncology
Malignant neoplasm arising from the cervix (the lower, narrow part of the uterus). Strongly associated with persistent infection by high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Largely preventable through HPV vaccination and screening.
Chemical Eye Injury
Trauma & Injuries
Injury to the eye caused by exposure to chemical substances, typically acids or alkalis. Alkali burns are generally more severe than acid burns due to deeper penetration. Immediate, copious irrigation is the most critical first step.
Chickenpox
Infectious Diseases
A highly contagious viral infection caused by the Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), characterized by a generalized, itchy, vesicular rash. Usually a mild childhood illness, but can be severe in adults, newborns, and immunocompromised individual…
Child Growth Monitoring
Pediatrics & Child Health
Regular assessment of a child's growth using standard parameters (weight, height/length, MUAC) plotted on WHO Growth Standards charts to identify normal growth, detect problems early, and monitor trends.
Childhood Behavioural Disorders
Mental Health & Substance Use
A group of disorders characterized by persistent patterns of behaviour in children or adolescents that deviate significantly from age-appropriate norms and cause impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. Includes ADHD and…
Childhood Developmental Disorders
Mental Health & Substance Use
A group of conditions with onset in the developmental period (childhood), characterized by deficits or delays in functions related to central nervous system maturation. Includes Intellectual Disability and Pervasive Developmental Disorders …
Chorioamnionitis
Obstetrics
Infection of the chorion, amnion, amniotic fluid, and potentially the fetus, usually resulting from ascending bacteria after rupture of membranes or during labour.
Chronic Alcohol Poisoning & Withdrawal Management
Toxicology / Poisoning
Manifestations of long-term heavy alcohol consumption including nutritional deficiencies, organ damage (liver, brain), and the potentially life-threatening Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) that occurs upon cessation or reduction of intake …