Clinical guide
Find a condition and read its clinical guidance.
410 conditions · Page 1 of 11
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
Gynecology
Any vaginal bleeding that represents a variation from the normal pattern of regular menstruation in terms of frequency, duration, regularity, or volume.
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge Syndrome
HIV, STI & TB
Syndromic management approach for women presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge (change in quantity, color, odour), often associated with itching or pain. Covers common causes like Candidiasis, Trichomoniasis, Bacterial Vaginosis, Gonorr…
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Poisoning
Toxicology / Poisoning
Poisoning due to excessive ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) or other salicylates (e.g., methyl salicylate - oil of wintergreen). Toxicity is dose-dependent (>150mg/kg toxic, >300-500mg/kg severe) and causes complex metabolic dist…
Acne Vulgaris
Dermatology (Skin Conditions)
A common chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands), typically affecting adolescents and young adults. Characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and sometimes cys…
Acute Alcohol (Ethanol) Poisoning
Toxicology / Poisoning
Poisoning due to ingestion of a large amount of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) over a short period, leading to dose-dependent CNS depression, metabolic disturbances, and potentially life-threatening complications.
Acute Alcohol Poisoning
Mental Health & Substance Use
Acute poisoning due to ingestion of a large amount of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) over a short period, leading to dose-dependent CNS depression, metabolic disturbances, and potentially life-threatening complications.
Acute Appendicitis
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, usually caused by blockage and subsequent infection. A common surgical emergency.
Acute Bronchitis
Respiratory System
Acute inflammation of the large airways (bronchi) without evidence of pneumonia, typically characterized by cough. Usually viral in origin and self-limiting.
Acute Cholecystitis / Cholangitis
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
Acute Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by cystic duct obstruction by a gallstone. Acute Cholangitis is inflammation/infection of the bile ducts, usually due to obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD) by a s…
Acute Cystitis (UTI)
Renal & Urinary System
Infection and inflammation of the bladder (lower urinary tract). Common, especially in women. Usually uncomplicated but needs differentiation from pyelonephritis (upper UTI).
Acute Epiglottitis
Respiratory System
A rapidly progressive bacterial infection causing inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis and surrounding supraglottic structures, potentially leading to life-threatening airway obstruction. Primarily affects young children, but inciden…
Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)
Renal & Urinary System
Acute inflammation of the glomeruli (filtering units) of the kidneys, often triggered by an immune response to a preceding infection (most commonly Group A Streptococcus). Characterized by haematuria, proteinuria, oedema, and hypertension.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Renal & Urinary System
Acute impairment of renal function, previously known as Acute Renal Failure. Can result from reduced kidney perfusion, direct kidney damage, or urinary tract obstruction.
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Respiratory System
An acute viral infection causing inflammation and swelling of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, primarily affecting young children (6 months to 3 years). Characterized by a distinctive barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and hoarseness.
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis/Periodontitis/Stomatitis (ANUG)
Oral & Dental Health
An acute, painful infection of the gingiva characterized by necrosis and ulceration of the gingival papillae. Necrotizing Periodontitis involves attachment loss, Necrotizing Stomatitis extends into adjacent tissues, and Noma (Cancrum Oris) …
Acute Organophosphate Poisoning
Toxicology / Poisoning
Poisoning by organophosphate compounds (common in agricultural/household pesticides), occurring via ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. Causes excessive cholinergic stimulation by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.
Acute Pancreatitis
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
Acute inflammation of the pancreas, ranging from mild oedema to severe necrotizing disease. Common causes include gallstones and excessive alcohol intake.
Acute Periapical Abscess (Dental Abscess)
Oral & Dental Health
A localized collection of pus at the apex (tip) of the tooth root, typically resulting from infection spreading from necrotic dental pulp (sequel to caries/pulpitis) or trauma.
Acute Pulmonary Oedema
Cardiovascular System
Acute accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces and alveoli of the lungs, typically due to rapidly increased pulmonary capillary pressure secondary to acute left ventricular failure (cardiogenic pulmonary oedema). Can also be non-car…
Acute Pyelonephritis
Renal & Urinary System
Infection and inflammation of the kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis (upper urinary tract), usually resulting from ascending bacterial infection from the bladder.
Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF)
Cardiovascular System
An autoimmune, inflammatory disease occurring as a delayed sequela (typically 2-4 weeks) after untreated or inadequately treated Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis. Primarily affects children and adolescents (ages 5-15). Can cause dama…
Addison's Disease
Endocrine & Metabolic System
A condition where the adrenal gland produces insufficient glucocorticoid hormones (and sometimes mineralocorticoids), often due to autoimmune destruction, infection (TB, HIV), or abrupt withdrawal of long-term steroid therapy.
Adenoid Hypertrophy / Adenoiditis
ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat Conditions)
Enlargement (hypertrophy) and/or inflammation (adenoiditis) of the adenoid tissue (pharyngeal tonsil) located in the nasopharynx, common in young children, potentially causing nasal obstruction and related complications.
Albinism
Dermatology (Skin Conditions)
A group of inherited congenital disorders characterized by complete or partial absence of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, due to defects in melanin production.
Alcohol Use Disorders
Mental Health & Substance Use
A spectrum of conditions resulting from problematic patterns of alcohol consumption, ranging from harmful/hazardous use (causing health/social damage) to alcohol dependence (compulsive use, tolerance, withdrawal).
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Mental Health & Substance Use
A set of symptoms that occur when a person dependent on alcohol significantly reduces or stops alcohol intake. Can range from mild symptoms to life-threatening delirium tremens.
Allergic Rhinitis
ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat Conditions)
An IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes triggered by exposure to allergens, characterized by rhinorrhoea, sneezing, nasal itching, and obstruction.
Amoebiasis
Gastrointestinal & Hepatic System
Infection caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Can cause intestinal disease (dysentery) or extraintestinal disease (most commonly liver abscess).
Anaemia (General Approach)
Hematology & Blood Transfusion
A condition characterized by inadequate blood haemoglobin (Hb) levels for age and sex, resulting in reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. It is common, often multifactorial, and requires investigation to determine the underlying cause.
Anaemia in Pregnancy
Obstetrics
Anaemia during pregnancy, defined as Haemoglobin (Hb) <11 g/dL (or <10.5 g/dL in 2nd trimester). A major complication increasing risk for mother and baby.
Anaesthesia (General Considerations & Types)
Clinical Procedures & Support Services
Overview of the main objectives, general considerations, and basic types of anaesthesia used for surgical and other procedures.
Anaphylactic Shock
Emergency Medicine & Critical Care
Severe allergic reaction that occurs rapidly (seconds or minutes) after administration, or exposure, and may be life threatening. It generally affects the whole body.
Animal and Human Bites Management
Trauma & Injuries
Management of wounds resulting from bites by animals (commonly dogs, cats) or humans. Focus on thorough wound cleaning, assessment for underlying structural damage, infection risk (often polymicrobial including anaerobes), tetanus prophylax…
Anorexia and Cachexia in Palliative Care
Palliative Care
Management of loss of appetite (anorexia) and the complex metabolic syndrome of profound lean body mass loss (cachexia) common in terminal illnesses.
Antenatal Care (ANC) - Focused Approach
Obstetrics
A planned program of care for pregnant women by skilled attendants, aiming for safe pregnancy and birth outcomes through screening, prevention, treatment, education, emergency planning, and identification of high-risk pregnancies. Uganda fo…
Antepartum Haemorrhage (APH) - Abruptio Placentae & Placenta Praevia
Obstetrics
Vaginal bleeding occurring after 28 weeks of gestation but before the onset of the second stage of labour. Main causes are Placenta Praevia and Abruptio Placentae.
Anthrax
Infectious Diseases
Anthrax is an acute zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It most commonly occurs in wild and domestic animals. Humans are exposed through infected animals or tissues. Incubation period is usually 1-3 days.…
Anxiety Disorders
Mental Health & Substance Use
A group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive fear, worry, or apprehension that is prolonged or severe enough to interfere with normal functioning. Includes generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and phobias.
Aphthous Ulceration
Oral & Dental Health
Common condition characterized by recurrent episodes of painful, well-defined, round or oval ulcers on the non-keratinized oral mucosa (cheeks, lips, tongue, floor of mouth). Cause is often unknown.
Assessing Malnutrition in Children (6m-5y)
Nutrition
Methods for assessing acute malnutrition in children aged 6 months to 5 years using anthropometry (WFH/L, MUAC), oedema check, and appetite testing, leading to classification of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) or Moderate Acute Malnutrition…